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This guide addresses the interpretation of the Esquema Nacional de Seguridad (ENS) in operational technology (OT) environments without altering regulations or introducing operational risks. It translates the ENS objectives into the physical and industrial reality, separating “what” the framework requires from “how” it is executed. It prioritizes availability and process integrity, validating the use of compensatory and organizational controls specific to the plant. Furthermore, it integrates key factors such as the asset lifecycle, functional safety, and the role of the human operator as an active defense.